Relationship between social support and psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder in college students

Objective To investigate the characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, and to explore the mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and PTSD. Methods By using direct selection method, 572 college students in Anhui and Shanghai were selected and administered with General Characteristics Questionnaire, the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C), Psychological Resilience Scale(PRS) and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS). Results Among the participants, 25.0% had moderate PTSD symptoms, 11.7% had obvious PTSD symptoms, and the positive rate of PTSD was 36.7%. The prevalence of PTSD in college students was higher in males than in females (X2=4.31, P < 0.05). The junior students were higher than other students (X2=16.81, P < 0.01). The scores of social support, psychological resilience and PTSD were (33.79+or-4.83), (92.17+or-13.39) and (35.50+or-11.39), respectively. The correlations of all variables were statistically significant(r=-0.49-0.76, P < 0.05);The mediation test showed that social support could not only negatively predict PTSD directly(direct effect was -0.35), but also indirectly affect PTSD through psychological resilience(indirect effect was -0.32). Conclusion More than one third of college students have PTSD symptoms, and psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and PTSD, social support can both directly and negatively predict PTSD and indirectly affect PTSD by increasing an individual's psychological resilience.

Use of social networks in children and adolescents in Mexico

The use of the internet and in particular social networks have altered social interaction, even increased with COVID-19. In the case of children and adolescents, considered early users, they have remained exposed to negative virtual environments. The purpose of this study is to identify the knowledge that children and adolescents have about the implications in the use of social networks to reduce the risk of sexual harassment online, in the face of the pedophilic deception known as grooming. A survey was applied to 251 boys, girls and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14, who are in the fifth and sixth year of primary school in four public educational centers in the municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco-Mexico. It is evident that the students are unaware of the term grooming;however, 8.76% have been exposed to a situation of online sexual harassment;boys 10.86%, while girls 6.19%. Girls show greater vigilance in the use of the Internet and social networks (26.79%), compared to boys with 15.94%. It is concluded that the prevalence of risk in the school zone analyzed is strictly linked to the plans of the educational centers and in the training of teachers, parents and the community © 2023, Revista de Ciencias Sociales.All Rights Reserved.

The effect of a physical exercise package on the motor proficiency of students with down syndrome

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential effect of a physical exercise package on the motor proficiency of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: In this research, an experimental design was conducted in two special schools to evaluate the effectiveness of this package and identify its strengths and weaknesses. Forty students with Down syndrome were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. A total of 36 (22 male and 14 female) students out of 50 at two special schools for children with special needs between October 2020 and March 2021 were recruited for the study. Participants were aged 12.888 +or- 2.375 (12.954 +or- 2.609 for boys and 12.785 +or- 2.044 for girls) years. The 18 students in the intervention group participated in the exercise sessions, 2 or 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-tests were performed on both groups. The Physical Exercise Package included the principles of exercise, the preferred exercise methods, and the details of exercise planning for Down syndrome individuals (FITT-VP) based on the etiology of Down syndrome and the characteristics of people with this syndrome. Motor proficiency was measured using the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Results: The results of the study showed that the designed exercise package was adhered to with all the participants attending 93.2% of the sessions, and participants significantly improved their total motor proficiency score, manual dexterity, upper-limb coordination, strength, balance, upper-limb coordination, running speed and agility and fine motor Integration (P < 0.05). However, the exercises did not significantly change the bilateral coordination and fine motor precision (P > 0.05). Conclusions: the current study result shows that developing and implementing the individualized exercise package and observing the principles set out in the program could have significant positive impacts on the motor proficiency of students with Down syndrome.

State of mind in adolescents in Barcelona province (Spain): evolution, associated factors and impact of the pandemic

BACKGROUND: To analyse the evolution of state of mind in adolescents in the province of Barcelona for the last six years and the specific impact of the pandemic and its experience. Likewise, analyse the associated factors both in pre-pandemic period and during. METHODS: Since 2015/2016 a Questionnaire on health related habits was carried out among 4th year high school students to which a COVID-19 chapter was added in the 2020/2021 academic year. There was a representative provincial pre-pandemic sample (N=15,118) and a sample during the pandemic (N=4,966). The dichotomous aggregate variable of positive/negative state of mind was constructed with six specific items to which the bivariate analyses and a multivariate generalized mixed linear model were carried out for both periods. Analysis performed with SAS. RESULTS: The pandemic significantly intensified the trend of worsening the state of mind adolescents, and widened the gender gap. Boys went from 17.9% (pre-pandemic) to 25.7% (during pandemic) with a negative mood, while girls from 31.9% to 52.9%. In modelling during pandemic, socioeconomic and family factors appeared relevant and significant. Sex, perceived poor health, being victim of harassment, self-perception of weight, excessive use of the internet and a poor perception of the residential environment remained significant as in the pre-pandemic model. CONCLUSIONS: The specific negative impact of the pandemic on adolescents' mental well-being is perceived, but it is too early to tell whether it is reversible or not and to assess the effectiveness of interventions to tackle it.

Increased frequency of central precocious puberty during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic at a single center in the Osaka Metropolitan Area of Japan

As environmental factors are known to affect the timing of puberty, self-isolation during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may affect the incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of CPP during the COVID-19 pandemic at a single center in the Osaka metropolitan area of Japan. We retrospectively analyzed the annual frequency of CPP occurrence before and after the first declaration of COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan at our hospital. We performed an interrupted time-series analysis to investigate the frequency of patients with CPP at our hospital from 2016 to 2021. There was a significant increase in the frequency of patients with CPP before and after the state of emergency declaration, both overall and among females. However, there was no significant increase in the number of males. There were no significant differences in the clinical, auxological, and endocrinological features between those diagnosed before and after the state of emergency. Overall, the frequency of CPP significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic at a single center in the Osaka metropolitan area of Japan.

Universal newborn hearing screening in Guantanamo province, 2020-2021

Introduction: universal neonatal hearing screening is a test that enables to identify or suspect hearing loss, performed via habilitation or rehabilitation plan. Background: determine the coverage of universal hearing screening in the epidemiological context of COVID-19 in Guantanamo province, during the period of march 2020 to march 2021. Method: a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 5 999 newborns (as Universe) were involved in the study. Variables used were as follow: sex, newborns with or without risk factors, and otoacoustic emissions, which outcomes allowed for the evaluation of universal hearing screening coverage. The standard indicator (95%) and the time at which the first otoacoustic emissions were made were defined. The percentage of newborns detected before one month of life was established as indicator. Results: the 51.1% of the 5 999 newborns were male and 48.3% were female. The 100% of newborns (5 838) without risk factors underwent to the first examination, meanwhile, among those with risk factors (151 newborns) 0.2% (10) could not be tested. Screening of newborns without factors occurred between 1 and 3 days after birth. Screening was never performed after 30 days of birth in those who presented risk factors. Coverage was 99.8% and the reference rate was 0.2%. Conclusions: Universal Hearing Screening Program application in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Guantanamo province shows a fulfillment in the coverage indicator.

Assessment of Post COVID-19 Lockdown Hand Washing Practices among Junior High School Boys in the Krobo Area of Ghana

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which places emphasis on Clean Water and Sanitation. The importance of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene was highly recognized in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been decline in COVID-19 cases in Ghana resulting in the lessening in restrictions as announced by the Government. Therefore, hand washing behaviour is also slowly reducing among the people. This study seeks to assess the hand washing practices among the school adolescent boys. This study adopts cross sectional design and uses questionnaire to analyze the hand washing practices among school going boys (228) from eight schools in two districts in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study reveals that only half of the respondents wash their hands with soap before eating, after urinating, after playing, and after returning home and two thirds of the respondents wash their hands with soap after visiting the restroom. One-fifth of the students do not wash their hands at school for a variety of reasons including ‘it is not necessary,' ‘laziness,' ‘no time,' and ‘no water or soap available to wash'. Significant variables influencing hand washing practice were age of students less than 14 years, in lower forms (form 1 and 2), living in rural areas and as well as availability of veronica buckets always at the schools. The study recommends students' hand washing behaviour must be monitored and educated on a regular basis targeting the identified variables. Copyright © 2023 by authors, all rights reserved.

Learning loss and student dropouts during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the evidence two years after schools shut down

Following the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in 2020, schools around the world closed for significant periods of time. Many scholars provided projections of the likely impacts on educational outcomes, with potentially dire impacts on learning loss and-especially in low-income contexts-dropout rates. Now, two years after schools began shutting down, we identify 40 empirical studies directly estimating student learning loss (29 studies) or dropout rates (15 studies) for students in pre-primary, primary, or secondary school in countries at any income level. Most estimates of average learning loss are negative, although-especially in low- and middle-income countries-this is not always the case, and average losses are not as significant as some models predicted. Furthermore, learning loss was consistently much higher among students with lower socioeconomic status in high-, middle-, and low-income countries, even in contexts with little or no average learning loss. In other words, the pandemic consistently boosted learning inequality. Dropout rates ranged dramatically, from under 1 percent to more than 35 percent, with much higher rates for older students, suggesting that pandemic school closures-together with other pandemic-related shocks-may have curtailed many adolescents' schooling careers. In some countries (e.g., Kenya and Nigeria), girls are at higher risk of dropping out. The vast majority of studies report results for students of primary school age (83 percent of studies), with fewer reporting results for students of secondary school age (45 percent) and even fewer studies (8 percent) for younger students.

Societal disruptions and child mental health: evidence from ADHD diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic

We study how the societal disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted diagnosis of a prevalent childhood mental health condition, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using both nationwide private health insurance claims and a single state's comprehensive electronic health records, we compare children exposed to the pandemic to same aged children prior to the pandemic. We find the pandemic reduced new ADHD diagnoses by 8.6% among boys and 11.0% among girls nationwide through February 2021. We further show that higher levels of in-person schooling in Fall 2020 dampened the decline for girls but had no moderating effect for boys.

A Case of Adult-Onset Kawasaki Disease in an Adolescent Occurring during the COVID-19 Pandemic

We report the occurrence of the adult-onset type of Kawasaki disease (KD) with classic mucocutaneous manifestations of KD, cholestatic liver disease, multiple splenic infarcts, and residual multiple coronary artery dilatations in a previously healthy 14-year-old male adolescent 16 days after having received one dose of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine. First, the report serves to highlight the diagnostic challenges of adult-onset KD often resulting in therapeutic delay and the frequently reported occurrence of persistent cardiovascular sequelae. Second, the report emphasizes that the temporal association of KD with the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine will likely be a frequent constellation in the near future, raising questions of a causative association. While there is currently no evidence of such an association in persons above 5 years of age, large-scale vaccination of children below 5 years of age will require close surveillance of vaccine-related adverse events. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

How Can I Keep Them Singing? Exploring 'Tumult and Strife' in Male Adolescent Voice Change

Within the field of music education, there is extensive literature that speaks to the importance of singing for an individual's musical development (Williams, 2019;Welch, 2012). Aside from its musical benefits, Welch (2012) identifies the role of singing in improved respiratory and cardiac function, communication skills, and sense of social inclusion. With a more thorough understanding of TIVC, music educators will be better equipped to assess their students' voices and address their vocal needs during voice change. By expanding vocal pedagogy lessons to include voice change and its impact on vocal anatomy, music educators can provide clarity for adolescent boys as they navigate their changing voices.

Uptake of HPV vaccination among boys after the introduction of gender-neutral HPV vaccination in Germany before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: HPV vaccination has been recommended and reimbursed for girls in Germany since 2007. In June 2018 the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommended the gender-neutral vaccination of adolescents aged 9 to 14 years with catch-up through age 17. Objectives of this study were to describe the uptake of vaccination in boys before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study used data from a proprietary electronic medical record database and a database with information on nationally dispensed vaccine doses. The monthly number of first doses of HPV vaccinations in boys and girls aged 9-17 years in the period from 01/2018 to 12/2021 was determined. In addition, for boys the cumulative vaccination rates were calculated for initiated and completed vaccination series. RESULTS: Four months after the introduction of mandatory reimbursement for boys, the monthly numbers of first doses were comparable to that of girls. Compared to the same month in 2019, the number of first doses declined by up to 49% (girls) in 2020 and 71% (boys) in 2021. At the end of 2021, the vaccination rate for 15-year-old boys (2006 birth cohort) reached 44.4% for initiated and 26.4% for completed series. CONCLUSION: After an initial dynamic increase in HPV vaccinations in boys, the impact of COVID-19 was particularly strong in the second year of the pandemic. At the end of 2021 vaccination rates were still low. Efforts are needed to catch-up on adolescents that missed doses during the pandemic and to increase uptake.

High serum transaminase due to COVID-19 infection

Although COVID-19 was first described as a respiratory disease, current data has shown that it is a disease with multisystemic involvement including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematological and immune systems. COVID-19 associated liver injury may be due to various potential mechanisms. Direct viral cytotoxic effect, immun mediated injury, drugs, ischemic injury due to hypoxia-hypoperfusion are among these mechanisms. Here we present a five year-old male patient who had no known history of liver disease admitted to our clinic due to elevated transaminase during the course of COVID-19 infection.

Before saying farewell to hydroxychloroquine usage in practice: evaluation of our safety data on hydroxychloroquine treatment in children with COVID-19

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in children with COVID-19. Material and Methods: This study was conducted between March- August 2020 at a referral tertiary hospital for pediatric infectious diseases in the Aegean Region of Turkey. All hospitalized children with COVID-19 who were received HCQ include in this study. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed prior to the initiation of HCQ and at certain times (first and 24th hours of HCQ administration and two hours after the final dose of HCQ) during treatment. Adverse effects associated with HCQ were evaluated during the hospitalization and also the first and second months after discharge.

Evaluation of the COVID- 19 pandemic in Iranian children: a narrative review study

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus accession as a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. COVID-19 infection outcrops in all age groups, and children might be less probably to become infected or, if infected, may show milder signs. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection (WoS), Science Direct, Google Scholar (as English databases);Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, and SID (as Persian databases). In this study, more than 80 publications from December 2019 to mid-September 2020 were reviewed with the most relevant papers about COVID-19 in children. According to the latest reports of previous studies treatmentd in Iran, the average age of children with COVID-19 infection has been reported as ranging from less than 4 months to 15 years. Also, most reported cases were males. Death in this age group was rare, but it can simply occur in children with severe conditions. The all over course of sickness, mainly pulmonary involvement- of the infected children tend to be milder compared to adults. Laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) scan findings were nonspecific and milder compared to those at older ages. It should be noted that there is no specific passd medication for treatment of COVID-19-infected children. According to recent reports, COVID-19 characteristicss in children are not yet fully understood, which poses a remarkable problem for children's medical specialists. It should be considered that most children are asignatic or have mild signs and signs.

Assessment of resilience in the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of experiences of adolescents secondary school children in southeast Nigeria

Background: The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has created much psychological burden on the adolescent child. Resilience is an intertwine of risk and protective factors that may help the adolescent child in growth and development. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence resilience among adolescents attending secondary schools in southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 496 adolescent students who attend six secondary schools in Enugu city.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in India during COVID-19 Pandemic

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disability that lasts a lifetime. Children with ASD (CASD) exhibit impairment in communication and social relations, as well as repetitive and restricted behavioral issues. CASD may have major challenges and show disruptive behaviors when their routines are altered, which may negatively influence the mental health of primary caregivers, particularly mothers. As part of the COVID-19 protocol, the closure of training facilities and schools, social isolation, and lack of support may interfere with the CASD's everyday activities, increase their caregivers' burden, and negatively impact their mental well-being and the development of the CASD. Mothers may experience psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, and stress since they do not know how to handle the problem without professional support, which is inaccessible due to pandemic protocol. This research designed to assess the psychological distress of mothers of CASD (MCASD) during the COVID-19 epidemic, in Kerala, India. The researchers used the DASS-21 scale to measure depression, anxiety, and stress in MCASD. One hundred MCASD who accompanied their children to autism training centers and special schools in Kerala were recruited using purposive sampling and employed a cross-sectional design. According to the current study tindings, 89%, 83%, and 90% of mothers of children with ASD experience depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Our research shows that after several months from the COVID-19 pandemic breakout, mothers of children with ASD continue to experience severe psychological distress. Therefore, it is critical to pay special attention to these mothers' mental health and implement a viable intervention program to effectively face challenges and cope with stressors while caring for their children with ASD.

Influence of weekly physical exercises on indicators of biological age of student's youth

Background and Study Aim. The physical activity level of students is closely associated with ecological, hygienic, and socioeconomic facts. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically reduced the student opportunity to engage in regular physical activity. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the weekly physical exercises on the indicators of biological age of students of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Material and Methods. The study involved 409 students (182 boys and 227 girls), who were divided into experimental (87 boys and 117 girls) and control (95 boys and 110 girls) groups. The biological age (BA) of students was determined by means of Voitenko's method using biomarkers of their physical status. Indices of the cardiovascular system (pulse, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure);respiratory system (vital capacity, the Hench and Stange test);central nervous system (static balancing);PHSA (personal health self-assessment) were studied. In addition, a questionnaire-based survey of students on their health self-assessment including 27 questions was carried out. Statistica 13.5 statistical software package was used to process the experimental material. Methods of variation statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used. The coefficients of the Student t-test and Fisher's F-test were calculated. Results. In the process of pedagogical experiment, the positive impact of the author's physical education program on BA of students of the experimental group (EG) was revealed: in boys, the positive dynamics of BA changes was detected already after four additional hours of performing exercises per week, whereas in girls - after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in physical state, which determined BA decrease during academic year were noted in students with a weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours. In boys of EG, the biological age decreased at the end of the experiment by 11,1 years (p < 0,001), whereas in girls - by 5,3 years (p < 0,001). No positive changes of BA were observed at the end of the experiment in students of the control group (CG), whose weekly regime of motor activity constituted 2 hours. In boys of EG, the decrease of BA is manifested after four additional hours of performing physical exercises per week, whereas in girls - after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in BA indices during the academic year were noted in students of the experimental group with weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours. Conclusions. The developed mathematical models are recommended to be used for estimating, modelling, and predicting the biological age of students according to informative indices of physical state.

Engaging in appreciative inquiry to understand and support middle school boys' motivation to read

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a collaborative inquiry group of middle school ELA teachers who were utilizing the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) framework to create a virtual library of e-books, examine students' reading motivation data, and implement classroom practices intended to increase student reading value, motivation, and volume. This dissertation in practice used a mixed methods approach designed to understand: 1) how increasing students' access to e-books would influence student reading motivation, volume, and performance, as well as influence teachers' future use of e-books;2) how examining students' reading motivation data would influence teacher practice;and 3) how utilizing an AI framework would influence teacher morale. Methodology included administration of the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) (Wigfield & Guthrie, 1995), quantitative analysis of reading volume and reading performance data, as well as qualitative data coded from meeting notes and teacher interviews. Quantitative results suggested the classroom interventions increased student e-book checkouts in one school, but had no significant impact on reading value, motivation or performance. After the study, which was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers reported a decrease in e-book usage as students regained access to their classroom libraries after a year of remote learning. Teachers reported that examining the MRQ data strengthened their understanding of the different constructs of reading motivation, leading them to increase classroom practices that foster intrinsic motivation. Teachers described the use of the AI Framework as an overwhelmingly positive experience that lifted their morale during a stressful year. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic children in Tehran

Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the seroepidemiological history of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic children in Tehran. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of children younger than 14 years old were collected during the period autumn-winter 2020 and spring 2021 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody using the EUROIMMUN ELISA kit. In addition, questionnaires were used to collect demographic and infection status information in the participants. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software.